Romans 16

Personal Greetings

1 # Acts 18.18 I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a deacon#16.1 Or minister of the church at Cenchreae, 2so that you may welcome her in the Lord, as is fitting for the saints, and help her in whatever she may require from you, for she has been a benefactor of many and of myself as well.

3 # Acts 18.2; 2 Tim 4.19 Greet Prisca and Aquila, my coworkers in Christ Jesus, 4who risked their necks for my life, to whom not only I give thanks but also all the churches of the gentiles. 5#1 Cor 16.15, 19; Col 4.15Greet also the church in their house. Greet my beloved Epaenetus, who was the first convert#16.5 Gk first fruits in Asia for Christ. 6Greet Mary, who has worked very hard for you. 7Greet Andronicus and Junia,#16.7 Or Junias; other ancient authorities read Julia my fellow Israelites who were in prison with me; they are prominent among the apostles, and they were in Christ before I was. 8Greet Ampliatus, my beloved in the Lord. 9#2 Cor 5.17Greet Urbanus, our coworker in Christ, and my beloved Stachys. 10Greet Apelles, who is approved in Christ. Greet those who belong to the family of Aristobulus. 11Greet my fellow Israelite Herodion. Greet those in the Lord who belong to the family of Narcissus. 12Greet those workers in the Lord, Tryphaena and Tryphosa. Greet the beloved Persis, who has worked hard in the Lord. 13Greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord, and greet his mother—a mother to me also. 14Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas, and the brothers and sisters who are with them. 15#vv 2, 14Greet Philologus, Julia, Nereus and his sister, and Olympas, and all the saints who are with them. 16#1 Cor 16.20; 2 Cor 13.12; 1 Thess 5.26Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ greet you.

Final Instructions

17 # 2 Thess 3.6, 14; 1 Tim 1.3; 6.3; 2 Jn 10 I urge you, brothers and sisters, to keep an eye on those who create dissensions and hindrances, in opposition to the teaching that you have learned; avoid them. 18#Phil 3.19; Col 2.4For such people do not serve our Lord Christ but their own appetites,#16.18 Gk their own belly and by smooth talk and flattery they deceive the hearts of the simple-minded. 19#Rom 1.8; 1 Cor 14.20For your obedience is known to all; therefore, I rejoice over you, but I want you to be wise in what is good and guileless in what is evil. 20#Gen 3.15; Rom 15.33; 1 Thess 5.28The God of peace will shortly crush Satan under your feet. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you.#16.20 Other ancient authorities lack this sentence

21 # Acts 13.1; 16.1; 17.5 Timothy, my coworker, greets you; so do Lucius and Jason and Sosipater, my fellow Israelites.

22I Tertius, the writer of this letter, greet you in the Lord.#16.22 Or I Tertius, writing this letter in the Lord, greet you

23 # Acts 19.22; 1 Cor 1.14 Gaius, who is host to me and to the whole church, greets you. Erastus, the city treasurer, and our brother Quartus greet you.#16.23 Other ancient authorities add verse 24, The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with all of you. Amen.

Final Doxology

25 # Rom 2.16; Eph 1.9; 3.20 Now to God#16.25 Gk the one who is able to strengthen you according to my gospel and the proclamation of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery that was kept secret for long ages 26#Rom 1.5; Eph 1.9but is now disclosed and through the prophetic writings is made known to all the gentiles, according to the command of the eternal God, to bring about the obedience of faith— 27to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ, to whom be the glory forever! Amen.#16.27 Other ancient authorities lack 16.25–27 or include it after 14.23 or 15.33; others put 16.24 after 16.27

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