Exodus 12
12
Exodus 12
The First Passover Instituted
1The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, 2#Ex 13.4; Deut 16.1“This month shall mark for you the beginning of months; it shall be the first month of the year for you. 3Tell the whole congregation of Israel that on the tenth of this month they are to take a lamb for each family, a lamb for each household. 4If a household is too small for a whole lamb, it shall join its closest neighbor in obtaining one; the lamb shall be divided in proportion to the number of people who eat of it. 5#Lev 22.18–20Your lamb shall be without blemish, a year-old male; you may take it from the sheep or from the goats. 6#Lev 23.5; Num 9.3; Deut 16.1, 6You shall keep it until the fourteenth day of this month; then the whole assembled congregation of Israel shall slaughter it at twilight. 7They shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses in which they eat it. 8#Ex 34.25; Num 9.11, 12; Deut 16.7They shall eat the lamb that same night; they shall eat it roasted over the fire with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. 9Do not eat any of it raw or boiled in water but roasted over the fire, with its head, legs, and inner organs. 10#Ex 23.18; 34.25You shall let none of it remain until the morning; anything that remains until the morning you shall burn with fire. 11#v 27This is how you shall eat it: your loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand, and you shall eat it hurriedly. It is the Passover of the Lord. 12#Ex 11.4, 5; Num 33.4I will pass through the land of Egypt that night, and I will strike down every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from human to animal, and on all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments: I am the Lord. 13The blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you live: when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and no plague shall destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.
14 #
vv 6, 17
; Ex 13.9, 10“This day shall be a day of remembrance for you. You shall celebrate it as a festival to the Lord; throughout your generations you shall observe it as a perpetual ordinance. 15#v 19; Ex 23.15; 34.18; Lev 23.5, 6; Num 9.13; Deut 16.3Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread; on the first day you shall remove leaven from your houses, for whoever eats leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day shall be cut off from Israel. 16#Lev 23.7, 8On the first day you shall hold a solemn assembly and on the seventh day a solemn assembly; no work shall be done on those days; only what everyone must eat, that alone may be prepared by you. 17#v 41; Ex 13.3You shall observe the Festival of Unleavened Bread, for on this very day I brought your companies out of the land of Egypt: you shall observe this day throughout your generations as a perpetual ordinance. 18#v 2; Lev 23.5–8; Num 28.16–25In the first month, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day, you shall eat unleavened bread. 19#v 15For seven days no leaven shall be found in your houses, for whoever eats what is leavened shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether an alien or a native of the land. 20You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your settlements you shall eat unleavened bread.”
21 #
v 11
; Num 9.4; Heb 11.28Then Moses called all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go, select lambs for your families, and slaughter the Passover lamb. 22#v 7Take a bunch of hyssop, dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and touch the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood in the basin. None of you shall go outside the door of your house until morning. 23#vv 12, 13For the Lord will pass through to strike down the Egyptians; when he sees the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, the Lord will pass over that door and will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses to strike you down. 24#Ex 13.5, 10You shall observe this as a perpetual ordinance for you and your children. 25When you come to the land that the Lord will give you, as he has promised, you shall keep this observance. 26#Ex 13.14, 15; Josh 4.6And when your children ask you, ‘What does this observance mean to you?’ 27#v 11; Ex 4.31you shall say, ‘It is the Passover sacrifice to the Lord, for he passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt when he struck down the Egyptians but spared our houses.’ ” And the people bowed down and worshiped.
28The Israelites went and did just as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron; so they did.
The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn
29 #
Ex 4.23; 9.6; 11.4; Ps 78.51; 105.36 At midnight the Lord struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the prisoner who was in the dungeon and all the firstborn of the livestock. 30#Ex 11.6Pharaoh arose in the night, he and all his officials and all the Egyptians, and there was a loud cry in Egypt, for there was not a house without someone dead. 31#Ex 8.8, 25Then he summoned Moses and Aaron in the night and said, “Rise up, go away from my people, both you and the Israelites! Go, serve the Lord, as you said. 32#Ex 10.9, 26Take your flocks and your herds, as you said, and be gone. And ask a blessing for me, too!”
The Exodus: From Rameses to Succoth
33 #
v 39
; Ex 10.7; 11.1; Ps 105.38The Egyptians urged the people to hasten their departure from the land, for they said, “We shall all be dead.” 34So the people took their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading bowls wrapped up in their cloaks on their shoulders. 35#Ex 3.21, 22; 11.2, 3The Israelites had acted according to the word of Moses; they had asked the Egyptians for jewelry of silver and gold and for clothing, 36#Ex 3.22and the Lord had given the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they let them have what they asked. And so they plundered the Egyptians.
37 #
Ex 38.26; Num 1.46; 11.21; 33.3, 4 The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides little ones. 38#Ex 17.3; Num 11.4A mixed crowd also went up with them and livestock in great numbers, both flocks and herds. 39#vv 31–33; Ex 11.1They baked unleavened cakes of the dough that they had brought out of Egypt; it was not leavened, because they were driven out of Egypt and could not wait, nor had they prepared any provisions for themselves.
40 #
Gen 15.13; Acts 7.6; Gal 3.17 The time that the Israelites had lived in Egypt was four hundred thirty years. 41#v 17; Ex 3.8, 10; 6.6At the end of four hundred thirty years, on that very day, all the companies of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt. 42#Ex 13.10; Deut 16.1That was for the Lord a night of vigil, to bring them out of the land of Egypt. That same night is a vigil to be kept for the Lord by all the Israelites throughout their generations.
Directions for the Passover
43The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the ordinance for the Passover: no foreigner shall eat of it, 44but any slave who has been purchased may eat of it after he has been circumcised; 45no bound or hired servant may eat of it. 46#Num 9.12; Jn 19.33, 36It shall be eaten in one house; you shall not take any of the animal outside the house, and you shall not break any of its bones. 47#Num 9.13, 14The whole congregation of Israel shall do this. 48If an alien who resides with you wants to celebrate the Passover to the Lord, all his males shall be circumcised; then he may draw near to celebrate it; he shall be regarded as a native of the land. But no uncircumcised person shall eat of it; 49#Num 15.15, 16; Gal 3.28there shall be one law for the native-born and for the alien who resides among you.”
50All the Israelites did just as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron. 51#v 41That very day the Lord brought the Israelites out of the land of Egypt, company by company.
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Exodus 12: NRSVUE
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New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition, copyright © 2021 National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
