1 Samuel 18

Jonathan’s Covenant with David

1 # Gen 44.30; Deut 13.6; 1 Sam 20.17; 2 Sam 1.26 When David#18.1 Heb he had finished speaking to Saul, the soul of Jonathan was bound to the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul. 2#1 Sam 17.15Saul took him that day and would not let him return to his father’s house. 3Then Jonathan made a covenant with David because he loved him as his own soul. 4Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that he was wearing and gave it to David and his armor and even his sword and his bow and his belt. 5David went out and was successful wherever Saul sent him; as a result, Saul set him over the army. And all the people, even the servants of Saul, approved.

6 # Ex 15.20; Judg 11.34; Ps 68.25 As they were coming home, when David returned from killing the Philistine, the women came out of all the towns of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet King Saul, with tambourines, with songs of joy, and with musical instruments.#18.6 Or triangles or three-stringed instruments 7#Ex 15.21; 1 Sam 21.11And the women sang to one another as they made merry,

“Saul has killed his thousands

and David his ten thousands.”

8 # 1 Sam 15.8 Saul was very angry, for this saying displeased him. He said, “They have ascribed to David ten thousands, and to me they have ascribed thousands; what more can he have but the kingdom?” 9So Saul eyed David from that day on.

Saul Tries to Kill David

10 # 1 Sam 16.14, 23; 19.9, 23, 24 The next day an evil spirit from God rushed upon Saul, and he raved within his house, while David was playing the lyre, as he did day by day. Saul had his spear in his hand, 11#1 Sam 19.10; 20.33and Saul threw the spear, for he thought, “I will pin David to the wall.” But David eluded him twice.

12 # vv 15, 29 ; 1 Sam 14.18; 16.13Saul was afraid of David because the Lord was with him but had departed from Saul. 13#v 16; 2 Sam 5.2So Saul removed him from his presence and made him a commander of a thousand, and David marched out and came in, leading the army. 14#Gen 39.2, 3, 23; 1 Sam 16.18David had success in all his undertakings, for the Lord was with him. 15When Saul saw that he had great success, he stood in awe of him. 16#v 5But all Israel and Judah loved David, for it was he who marched out and came in leading them.

David Marries Michal

17 # vv 21, 25 ; 1 Sam 17.25; 25.28Then Saul said to David, “Here is my elder daughter Merab; I will give her to you as a wife; only be valiant for me and fight the Lord’s battles.” For Saul thought, “I will not raise a hand against him; let the Philistines deal with him.” 18#v 23; 1 Sam 9.21; 2 Sam 7.18David said to Saul, “Who am I, and who are my kinsfolk, my father’s family in Israel, that I should be son-in-law to the king?” 19#Judg 7.22; 2 Sam 21.8But at the time when Saul’s daughter Merab should have been given to David, she was given to Adriel the Meholathite as a wife.

20 # v 28 Now Saul’s daughter Michal loved David. Saul was told, and the thing pleased him. 21#vv 17, 26Saul thought, “Let me give her to him that she may be a snare for him and that the hand of the Philistines may be against him.” Therefore Saul said to David a second time,#18.21 Heb by two “You shall now be my son-in-law.” 22Saul commanded his servants, “Speak to David in private and say, ‘See, the king is delighted with you, and all his servants love you; now then, become the king’s son-in-law.’ ” 23So Saul’s servants reported these words to David in private. And David said, “Does it seem to you a little thing to become the king’s son-in-law, seeing that I am a poor man and of no repute?” 24The servants of Saul told him, “This is what David said.” 25#v 17; Ex 22.17; 1 Sam 14.24Then Saul said, “Thus shall you say to David, ‘The king desires no marriage present except a hundred foreskins of the Philistines, that he may be avenged on the king’s enemies.’ ” Now Saul planned to make David fall by the hand of the Philistines. 26#v 21When his servants told David these words, David was well pleased to be the king’s son-in-law. Before the time had expired, 27#v 13; 2 Sam 3.14David rose and went, along with his men, and killed one hundred#18.27 Gk: Heb two hundred of the Philistines, and David brought their foreskins, which were given in full number to the king, that he might become the king’s son-in-law. Saul gave him his daughter Michal as a wife. 28But when Saul realized that the Lord was with David and that Saul’s daughter Michal loved him, 29Saul was still more afraid of David. So Saul was David’s enemy from that time forward.

30 # v 5 Then the commanders of the Philistines came out to battle, and as often as they came out, David had more success than all the servants of Saul, so that his fame became very great.

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1 Samuel 18: NRSVUE

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